dir . RandDotStereo.jpg .. RandDotStereoKeep.jpg Notes10-01-02.html Stat6Dintro 3+5 ans = 8 38947598475*9384750973 ans = 3.6551e+020 3^2 ans = 9 3^3 ans = 27 1000^1000 ans = Inf 100^100 ans = 1.0000e+200 3^100 ans = 5.1538e+047 1000^1000 ans = Inf 1+2*3 ans = 7 (1+2)*3 ans = 9 (-1)^0.5 ans = 0.0000 + 1.0000i 1/0 Warning: Divide by zero. ans = Inf 1/(-0) Warning: Divide by zero. ans = -Inf 0/0 Warning: Divide by zero. ans = NaN help log LOG Natural logarithm. LOG(X) is the natural logarithm of the elements of X. Complex results are produced if X is not positive. See also LOG2, LOG10, EXP, LOGM. Overloaded methods help demtseries/log.m help sym/log.m help HELP topics: matlab\general - General purpose commands. matlab\ops - Operators and special characters. matlab\lang - Programming language constructs. matlab\elmat - Elementary matrices and matrix manipulation. matlab\elfun - Elementary math functions. matlab\specfun - Specialized math functions. matlab\matfun - Matrix functions - numerical linear algebra. matlab\datafun - Data analysis and Fourier transforms. matlab\audio - Audio support. matlab\polyfun - Interpolation and polynomials. matlab\funfun - Function functions and ODE solvers. matlab\sparfun - Sparse matrices. matlab\graph2d - Two dimensional graphs. matlab\graph3d - Three dimensional graphs. matlab\specgraph - Specialized graphs. matlab\graphics - Handle Graphics. matlab\uitools - Graphical user interface tools. matlab\strfun - Character strings. matlab\iofun - File input/output. matlab\timefun - Time and dates. matlab\datatypes - Data types and structures. matlab\verctrl - Version control. matlab\winfun - Windows Operating System Interface Files (DDE/ActiveX) matlab\demos - Examples and demonstrations. toolbox\local - Preferences. simulink\simulink - Simulink simulink\blocks - Simulink block library. simulink\simdemos - Simulink 4 demonstrations and samples. simdemos\aerospace - Simulink: Aerospace model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\automotive - Simulink: Automotive model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simfeatures - Simulink: Feature demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simgeneral - Simulink: General model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simnew - Simulink: New features model demonstrations and samples. simulink\dee - Differential Equation Editor stateflow\stateflow - Stateflow stateflow\sfdemos - Stateflow demonstrations and samples. stateflow\coder - (No table of contents file) rtw\rtw - Real-Time Workshop rtw\rtwdemos - Real-Time Workshop Demonstrations: asap2\asap2 - (No table of contents file) asap2\user - (No table of contents file) comm\comm - Communications Toolbox. comm\commdemos - Communications Toolbox Demonstrations. comm\commobsolete - Archived MATLAB Files from Communications Toolbox Version 1.5. commblks\commblks - Communications Blockset. commblks\commmasks - Communications Blockset mask helper functions. commblks\commmex - Communications Blockset S-functions. commblks\commblksdemos - Communications Blockset Demos. commblks\commblksobsolete - Archived Simulink Files from Communications Toolbox Version 1.5. toolbox\compiler - MATLAB Compiler control\control - Control System Toolbox. control\ctrlguis - Control System Toolbox -- GUI support functions. control\ctrlobsolete - Control System Toolbox -- obsolete commands. control\ctrlutil - (No table of contents file) control\ctrldemos - Control System Toolbox -- Demos. daq\daq - Data Acquisition Toolbox. daq\daqdemos - Data Acquisition Toolbox - Data Acquisition Demos. database\database - Database Toolbox. database\dbdemos - Database Toolbox Demonstration Functions. database\vqb - Visual Query Builder functions. dspblks\dspblks - DSP Blockset. dspblks\dspmasks - DSP Blockset mask helper functions. dspblks\dspmex - DSP Blockset S-Function MEX-files. dspblks\dspdemos - DSP Blockset demonstrations and examples. dsprtw\util_c - (No table of contents file) toolbox\exlink - (No table of contents file) finance\finance - Financial Toolbox. finance\calendar - Financial Toolbox calendar functions. finance\findemos - Financial Toolbox demonstration functions. finance\finsupport - (No table of contents file) fuzzy\fuzzy - Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. fuzzy\fuzdemos - Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Demos. ident\ident - System Identification Toolbox. ident\idobsolete - (No table of contents file) ident\idguis - (No table of contents file) ident\idutils - (No table of contents file) ident\iddemos - (No table of contents file) ident\idhelp - (No table of contents file) images\images - Image Processing Toolbox. images\imdemos - Image Processing Toolbox --- demos and sample images lmi\lmictrl - LMI Control Toolbox: Control Applications lmi\lmilab - LMI Control Toolbox map\map - Mapping Toolbox map\mapdisp - Mapping Toolbox Map Definition and Display. map\mapproj - Mapping Toolbox Projections. mpc\mpccmds - Model Predictive Control Toolbox. mpc\mpcdemos - Model Predictive Control Toolbox mutools\commands - Mu-Analysis and Synthesis Toolbox. mutools\subs - Mu-Analysis and Synthesis Toolbox. nnet\nnet - Neural Network Toolbox. nnet\nnutils - (No table of contents file) nnet\nncontrol - Neural Network Toolbox Control System Functions. nnet\nndemos - Neural Network Demonstrations. nnet\nnobsolete - (No table of contents file) toolbox\optim - Optimization Toolbox. toolbox\pde - Partial Differential Equation Toolbox. toolbox\robust - Robust Control Toolbox. toolbox\sb2sl - SB2SL (converts SystemBuild to Simulink) signal\signal - Signal Processing Toolbox. signal\fdatoolgui - Signal Processing Toolbox GUI. signal\sptoolgui - Signal Processing Toolbox GUI signal\sigdemos - Signal Processing Toolbox Demonstrations. toolbox\splines - Spline Toolbox. toolbox\stats - Statistics Toolbox. toolbox\symbolic - Symbolic Math Toolbox. wavelet\wavelet - Wavelet Toolbox. wavelet\wavedemo - Wavelet Toolbox Demonstrations. matlabR12\work - (No table of contents file) MatlabSoftware\Smoothing - (No table of contents file) MatlabSoftware\General - (No table of contents file) For more help on directory/topic, type "help topic". help elfun Elementary math functions. Trigonometric. sin - Sine. sinh - Hyperbolic sine. asin - Inverse sine. asinh - Inverse hyperbolic sine. cos - Cosine. cosh - Hyperbolic cosine. acos - Inverse cosine. acosh - Inverse hyperbolic cosine. tan - Tangent. tanh - Hyperbolic tangent. atan - Inverse tangent. atan2 - Four quadrant inverse tangent. atanh - Inverse hyperbolic tangent. sec - Secant. sech - Hyperbolic secant. asec - Inverse secant. asech - Inverse hyperbolic secant. csc - Cosecant. csch - Hyperbolic cosecant. acsc - Inverse cosecant. acsch - Inverse hyperbolic cosecant. cot - Cotangent. coth - Hyperbolic cotangent. acot - Inverse cotangent. acoth - Inverse hyperbolic cotangent. Exponential. exp - Exponential. log - Natural logarithm. log10 - Common (base 10) logarithm. log2 - Base 2 logarithm and dissect floating point number. pow2 - Base 2 power and scale floating point number. sqrt - Square root. nextpow2 - Next higher power of 2. Complex. abs - Absolute value. angle - Phase angle. complex - Construct complex data from real and imaginary parts. conj - Complex conjugate. imag - Complex imaginary part. real - Complex real part. unwrap - Unwrap phase angle. isreal - True for real array. cplxpair - Sort numbers into complex conjugate pairs. Rounding and remainder. fix - Round towards zero. floor - Round towards minus infinity. ceil - Round towards plus infinity. round - Round towards nearest integer. mod - Modulus (signed remainder after division). rem - Remainder after division. sign - Signum. help pi PI 3.1415926535897.... PI = 4*atan(1) = imag(log(-1)) = 3.1415926535897.... round(4.5) ans = 5 round(5.5) ans = 6 0.12345678901234567890 - 0.12345678901234567890 ans = 0 0.12345678901234567890 - 0.12345678901234567891 ans = 0 0.12345678901230 - 0.12345678901231 ans = -9.9920e-015 0.123456789012340 - 0.123456789012341 ans = -9.9920e-016 0.1234567890123450 - 0.1234567890123451 ans = -9.7145e-017 0.12345678901234560 - 0.12345678901234561 ans = -1.3878e-017 0.123456789012345670 - 0.123456789012345671 ans = -1.3878e-017 0.1234567890123456780 - 0.1234567890123456781 ans = 0 help sin SIN Sine. SIN(X) is the sine of the elements of X. Overloaded methods help sym/sin.m help log LOG Natural logarithm. LOG(X) is the natural logarithm of the elements of X. Complex results are produced if X is not positive. See also LOG2, LOG10, EXP, LOGM. Overloaded methods help demtseries/log.m help sym/log.m help sqrt SQRT Square root. SQRT(X) is the square root of the elements of X. Complex results are produced if X is not positive. See also SQRTM. Overloaded methods help sym/sqrt.m help HELP topics: matlab\general - General purpose commands. matlab\ops - Operators and special characters. matlab\lang - Programming language constructs. matlab\elmat - Elementary matrices and matrix manipulation. matlab\elfun - Elementary math functions. matlab\specfun - Specialized math functions. matlab\matfun - Matrix functions - numerical linear algebra. matlab\datafun - Data analysis and Fourier transforms. matlab\audio - Audio support. matlab\polyfun - Interpolation and polynomials. matlab\funfun - Function functions and ODE solvers. matlab\sparfun - Sparse matrices. matlab\graph2d - Two dimensional graphs. matlab\graph3d - Three dimensional graphs. matlab\specgraph - Specialized graphs. matlab\graphics - Handle Graphics. matlab\uitools - Graphical user interface tools. matlab\strfun - Character strings. matlab\iofun - File input/output. matlab\timefun - Time and dates. matlab\datatypes - Data types and structures. matlab\verctrl - Version control. matlab\winfun - Windows Operating System Interface Files (DDE/ActiveX) matlab\demos - Examples and demonstrations. toolbox\local - Preferences. simulink\simulink - Simulink simulink\blocks - Simulink block library. simulink\simdemos - Simulink 4 demonstrations and samples. simdemos\aerospace - Simulink: Aerospace model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\automotive - Simulink: Automotive model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simfeatures - Simulink: Feature demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simgeneral - Simulink: General model demonstrations and samples. simdemos\simnew - Simulink: New features model demonstrations and samples. simulink\dee - Differential Equation Editor stateflow\stateflow - Stateflow stateflow\sfdemos - Stateflow demonstrations and samples. stateflow\coder - (No table of contents file) rtw\rtw - Real-Time Workshop rtw\rtwdemos - Real-Time Workshop Demonstrations: asap2\asap2 - (No table of contents file) asap2\user - (No table of contents file) comm\comm - Communications Toolbox. comm\commdemos - Communications Toolbox Demonstrations. comm\commobsolete - Archived MATLAB Files from Communications Toolbox Version 1.5. commblks\commblks - Communications Blockset. commblks\commmasks - Communications Blockset mask helper functions. commblks\commmex - Communications Blockset S-functions. commblks\commblksdemos - Communications Blockset Demos. commblks\commblksobsolete - Archived Simulink Files from Communications Toolbox Version 1.5. toolbox\compiler - MATLAB Compiler control\control - Control System Toolbox. control\ctrlguis - Control System Toolbox -- GUI support functions. control\ctrlobsolete - Control System Toolbox -- obsolete commands. control\ctrlutil - (No table of contents file) control\ctrldemos - Control System Toolbox -- Demos. daq\daq - Data Acquisition Toolbox. daq\daqdemos - Data Acquisition Toolbox - Data Acquisition Demos. database\database - Database Toolbox. database\dbdemos - Database Toolbox Demonstration Functions. database\vqb - Visual Query Builder functions. dspblks\dspblks - DSP Blockset. dspblks\dspmasks - DSP Blockset mask helper functions. dspblks\dspmex - DSP Blockset S-Function MEX-files. dspblks\dspdemos - DSP Blockset demonstrations and examples. dsprtw\util_c - (No table of contents file) toolbox\exlink - (No table of contents file) finance\finance - Financial Toolbox. finance\calendar - Financial Toolbox calendar functions. finance\findemos - Financial Toolbox demonstration functions. finance\finsupport - (No table of contents file) fuzzy\fuzzy - Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. fuzzy\fuzdemos - Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Demos. ident\ident - System Identification Toolbox. ident\idobsolete - (No table of contents file) ident\idguis - (No table of contents file) ident\idutils - (No table of contents file) ident\iddemos - (No table of contents file) ident\idhelp - (No table of contents file) images\images - Image Processing Toolbox. images\imdemos - Image Processing Toolbox --- demos and sample images lmi\lmictrl - LMI Control Toolbox: Control Applications lmi\lmilab - LMI Control Toolbox map\map - Mapping Toolbox map\mapdisp - Mapping Toolbox Map Definition and Display. map\mapproj - Mapping Toolbox Projections. mpc\mpccmds - Model Predictive Control Toolbox. mpc\mpcdemos - Model Predictive Control Toolbox mutools\commands - Mu-Analysis and Synthesis Toolbox. mutools\subs - Mu-Analysis and Synthesis Toolbox. nnet\nnet - Neural Network Toolbox. nnet\nnutils - (No table of contents file) nnet\nncontrol - Neural Network Toolbox Control System Functions. nnet\nndemos - Neural Network Demonstrations. nnet\nnobsolete - (No table of contents file) toolbox\optim - Optimization Toolbox. toolbox\pde - Partial Differential Equation Toolbox. toolbox\robust - Robust Control Toolbox. toolbox\sb2sl - SB2SL (converts SystemBuild to Simulink) signal\signal - Signal Processing Toolbox. signal\fdatoolgui - Signal Processing Toolbox GUI. signal\sptoolgui - Signal Processing Toolbox GUI signal\sigdemos - Signal Processing Toolbox Demonstrations. toolbox\splines - Spline Toolbox. toolbox\stats - Statistics Toolbox. toolbox\symbolic - Symbolic Math Toolbox. wavelet\wavelet - Wavelet Toolbox. wavelet\wavedemo - Wavelet Toolbox Demonstrations. matlabR12\work - (No table of contents file) MatlabSoftware\Smoothing - (No table of contents file) MatlabSoftware\General - (No table of contents file) For more help on directory/topic, type "help topic". help elfun Elementary math functions. Trigonometric. sin - Sine. sinh - Hyperbolic sine. asin - Inverse sine. asinh - Inverse hyperbolic sine. cos - Cosine. cosh - Hyperbolic cosine. acos - Inverse cosine. acosh - Inverse hyperbolic cosine. tan - Tangent. tanh - Hyperbolic tangent. atan - Inverse tangent. atan2 - Four quadrant inverse tangent. atanh - Inverse hyperbolic tangent. sec - Secant. sech - Hyperbolic secant. asec - Inverse secant. asech - Inverse hyperbolic secant. csc - Cosecant. csch - Hyperbolic cosecant. acsc - Inverse cosecant. acsch - Inverse hyperbolic cosecant. cot - Cotangent. coth - Hyperbolic cotangent. acot - Inverse cotangent. acoth - Inverse hyperbolic cotangent. Exponential. exp - Exponential. log - Natural logarithm. log10 - Common (base 10) logarithm. log2 - Base 2 logarithm and dissect floating point number. pow2 - Base 2 power and scale floating point number. sqrt - Square root. nextpow2 - Next higher power of 2. Complex. abs - Absolute value. angle - Phase angle. complex - Construct complex data from real and imaginary parts. conj - Complex conjugate. imag - Complex imaginary part. real - Complex real part. unwrap - Unwrap phase angle. isreal - True for real array. cplxpair - Sort numbers into complex conjugate pairs. Rounding and remainder. fix - Round towards zero. floor - Round towards minus infinity. ceil - Round towards plus infinity. round - Round towards nearest integer. mod - Modulus (signed remainder after division). rem - Remainder after division. sign - Signum. help ops Operators and special characters. Arithmetic operators. plus - Plus + uplus - Unary plus + minus - Minus - uminus - Unary minus - mtimes - Matrix multiply * times - Array multiply .* mpower - Matrix power ^ power - Array power .^ mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide \ mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide / ldivide - Left array divide .\ rdivide - Right array divide ./ kron - Kronecker tensor product kron Relational operators. eq - Equal == ne - Not equal ~= lt - Less than < gt - Greater than > le - Less than or equal <= ge - Greater than or equal >= Logical operators. and - Logical AND & or - Logical OR | not - Logical NOT ~ xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR any - True if any element of vector is nonzero all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero Special characters. colon - Colon : paren - Parentheses and subscripting ( ) paren - Brackets [ ] paren - Braces and subscripting { } punct - Function handle creation @ punct - Decimal point . punct - Structure field access . punct - Parent directory .. punct - Continuation ... punct - Separator , punct - Semicolon ; punct - Comment % punct - Invoke operating system command ! punct - Assignment = punct - Quote ' transpose - Transpose .' ctranspose - Complex conjugate transpose ' horzcat - Horizontal concatenation [,] vertcat - Vertical concatenation [;] subsasgn - Subscripted assignment ( ),{ },. subsref - Subscripted reference ( ),{ },. subsindex - Subscript index Bitwise operators. bitand - Bit-wise AND. bitcmp - Complement bits. bitor - Bit-wise OR. bitmax - Maximum floating point integer. bitxor - Bit-wise XOR. bitset - Set bit. bitget - Get bit. bitshift - Bit-wise shift. Set operators. union - Set union. unique - Set unique. intersect - Set intersection. setdiff - Set difference. setxor - Set exclusive-or. ismember - True for set member. See also ARITH, RELOP, SLASH, FUNCTION_HANDLE. help punct Punctuation. . Decimal point. 325/100, 3.25 and .325e1 are all the same. . Array operations. Element-by-element multiplicative operations are obtained using .* , .^ , ./ , .\ or .'. For example, C = A ./ B is the matrix with elements c(i,j) = a(i,j)/b(i,j). . Field access. A.field and A(i).field, when A is a structure, access the contents of the field with the name "field". If A isn't a scalar structure, this produces a comma separated list (see LISTS). You can nest structure access as in X(2).field(3).name. You can also combine structure, cell array, and paren subscripting if that makes sense for the arrays stored in the structure (see PAREN). .. Parent directory. See CD. ... Continuation. Three or more decimal points at the end of a line causes the following line to be a continuation. , Comma. The comma is used to separate matrix subscripts and arguments to functions. It is also used to separate statements in multi-statement lines. In this situation, it may be replaced by a semicolon to suppress printing. ; Semicolon. The semicolon is used inside brackets to indicate the ends of the rows of a matrix. It is also used after an expression or statement to suppress printing. % Percent. The percent symbol is used to begin comments. Logically, it serves as an end-of-line character. Any following text on the line is ignored or printed by the HELP system. ! Exclamation point. Any text following the '!' is issued as a command to the underlying computer operating system. On the PC, adding & to the end of the ! command line, as in !dir & causes the output to appear in a separate window and for the window to remain open after the command completes. ' Transpose. X' is the complex conjugate transpose of X. X.' is the non-conjugate transpose. ' Quote. 'ANY TEXT' is a vector whose components are the ASCII codes for the characters. A quote within the text is indicated by two quotes. For example: 'Don''t forget.' = Assignment. B = A stores the elements of A in B. @ At. The at symbol is used to create a function_handle. It is also used at the beginning of directory names that contain matlab object methods and the constructor for the object, e.g. the directory @inline contains the constructor inline.m for the inline object and all methods for inline objects. See also RELOP, COLON, LISTS, PAREN, CD, FUNCTION_HANDLE. e2 ??? Undefined function or variable 'e2'. 1e2 ans = 100 13e2 ans = 1300 2e3 ans = 2000 1.234e1 ans = 12.3400 4e-2 ans = 0.0400 help ops Operators and special characters. Arithmetic operators. plus - Plus + uplus - Unary plus + minus - Minus - uminus - Unary minus - mtimes - Matrix multiply * times - Array multiply .* mpower - Matrix power ^ power - Array power .^ mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide \ mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide / ldivide - Left array divide .\ rdivide - Right array divide ./ kron - Kronecker tensor product kron Relational operators. eq - Equal == ne - Not equal ~= lt - Less than < gt - Greater than > le - Less than or equal <= ge - Greater than or equal >= Logical operators. and - Logical AND & or - Logical OR | not - Logical NOT ~ xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR any - True if any element of vector is nonzero all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero Special characters. colon - Colon : paren - Parentheses and subscripting ( ) paren - Brackets [ ] paren - Braces and subscripting { } punct - Function handle creation @ punct - Decimal point . punct - Structure field access . punct - Parent directory .. punct - Continuation ... punct - Separator , punct - Semicolon ; punct - Comment % punct - Invoke operating system command ! punct - Assignment = punct - Quote ' transpose - Transpose .' ctranspose - Complex conjugate transpose ' horzcat - Horizontal concatenation [,] vertcat - Vertical concatenation [;] subsasgn - Subscripted assignment ( ),{ },. subsref - Subscripted reference ( ),{ },. subsindex - Subscript index Bitwise operators. bitand - Bit-wise AND. bitcmp - Complement bits. bitor - Bit-wise OR. bitmax - Maximum floating point integer. bitxor - Bit-wise XOR. bitset - Set bit. bitget - Get bit. bitshift - Bit-wise shift. Set operators. union - Set union. unique - Set unique. intersect - Set intersection. setdiff - Set difference. setxor - Set exclusive-or. ismember - True for set member. See also ARITH, RELOP, SLASH, FUNCTION_HANDLE. sqrt(-1) ans = 0 + 1.0000i i*i ans = -1 (1+2i)*(2-3i) ans = 8.0000 + 1.0000i diary off